Características del sistema operativo

Linux

An operating system is a collection of programs that manage the interaction between system components, freeing application programmers from the need to include such functions in their programs. An application is a program that performs a function that has direct utility for the user. Application programs issue commands to the operating system to interact with the hardware.[2]
The operating system is usually read from an external storage device, such as a hard disk or solid state drive (SSD), or as a live system from a removable medium such as a USB flash drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, or (for embedded systems) flash memory. A diskless system, that is, a system without SSD or hard disks, can boot from a network in a so-called Thin client configuration. The BootP and the newer DHCP protocols provide this.
Users can access the operating system through a command line, such as MS-DOS or the UNIX terminal, or a graphical user environment such as Microsoft Windows or the X Window system.

What is hardware

An operating system is a collection of programs that manage the interaction between system components, freeing application programmers from the need to include such functions in their programs. An application is a program that performs a function that has direct utility to the user. Application programs issue commands to the operating system to interact with the hardware.[2]
The operating system is usually read from an external storage device, such as a hard disk or solid state drive (SSD), or as a live system from a removable medium such as a USB flash drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, or (for embedded systems) flash memory. A diskless system, that is, a system without SSD or hard disks, can boot from a network in a so-called Thin client configuration. The BootP and the newer DHCP protocols provide this.
Users can access the operating system through a command line, such as MS-DOS or the UNIX terminal, or a graphical user environment such as Microsoft Windows or the X Window system.

Application

The objectives below are covered to a greater or lesser extent. They come from the curriculum of Applied Computer Science of the direction of computer science management[1]. The numbers refer to this curriculum. The objectives in italics are practical exercises that fit in with the theory, but are not covered in this Wikibook.
You already notice that ‘client’ versus ‘server’ is not well-defined: for example, you can install an ftp server program on your Windows10, so you can share files with others. Does this then suddenly make your Windows client a server? Or you can install a graphical shell with your Ubuntu Server: does this make your server, a client?
The developers of operating systems are also looking for a way to have one maintainable software that adapts to the form factor. This saves development costs. At Microsoft this is known as Continuum[13] (in combination with Universal Windows Platform), at Apple as Continuity and at Ubuntu as Convergence. They are not synonyms for each other,[14] but you can notice that they are all looking for ways to transition more fluidly from one form factor to another. For example, with Continuum and Convergence, the idea is that if you then connect your smartphone to a mouse, keyboard and external screen, the desktop mode will automatically appear.

What is an operating system

An operating system is a collection of programs that manage the interaction between system components, freeing application programmers from the need to include such functions in their programs. An application is a program that performs a function that has direct utility to the user. Application programs issue commands to the operating system to interact with the hardware.[2]
The operating system is usually read from an external storage device, such as a hard disk or solid state drive (SSD), or as a live system from a removable medium such as a USB flash drive, floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, or (for embedded systems) flash memory. A diskless system, that is, a system without SSD or hard disks, can boot from a network in a so-called Thin client configuration. The BootP and the newer DHCP protocols provide this.
Users can access the operating system through a command line, such as MS-DOS or the UNIX terminal, or a graphical user environment such as Microsoft Windows or the X Window system.